Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture thiab sab hauv tsim, kev tswj suab nrov thiab kev txhim kho acoustic zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Suab- nqus cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw.Sound- nqus cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm uas hloov qhov xwm txheej suab yoj lub zog mus rau lwm hom ntawm lub zog los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev thiab dissipate nws. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab cov txheej txheem, muab cov kev daws teeb meem acoustic hloov tau rau ntau qhov sib txawv thiab cov xwm txheej.
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab- cov ntaub ntawv nqus tau muab faib ua peb pawg: ntxeem tau nqus, resonant absorption, thiab impedance mismatch. Lub suab ntxeem tau-cov ntaub ntawv nqus tau muaj ntau qhov sib cuam tshuam microporous cov qauv, xws li polyester fiber boards, iav ntaub plaub, pob zeb wool, thiab xav. Thaum lub suab tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hws, lawv ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm cov huab cua thiab cov phab ntsa pore, nrog rau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob poob, yog li hloov suab lub zog mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob. Lawv nthuav tawm kev nqus tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab siab - ntau zaus. Resonant suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv siv cov qauv tshwj xeeb los tsim cov resonance ntawm cov zaus, xws li Helmholtz resonators lossis nyias-paj resonators muaj li ntawm cov phaj perforated thiab kab noj hniav, uas tuaj yeem nqus tau qis- zaus suab nthwv dej, them nyiaj rau cov khoom tsis txaus. Cov khoom siv impedance tsis sib haum xeeb cuam tshuam lub suab nthwv dej los ntawm qhov chaw morphology lossis cov khoom hloov pauv, nrog qee lub zog tau nkag mus rau hauv lub suab- nqus cov qauv lossis tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev tawg. Lawv feem ntau siv ua ke nrog ob hom kev ua haujlwm tau hais los saum no los nthuav cov suab nrov nqus bandwidth.
Los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov khoom siv, suab- cov ntaub ntawv nqus tau tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv fiber ntau, cov ntaub ntawv organic polymer, cov khoom siv fiber ntau, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw. Inorganic fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv, xws li pob zeb wool thiab ntxhia wool, muaj zoo siab -kub kuj thiab hluav taws kub, ua rau lawv haum rau industrial nroj tsuag thiab siab - kub ib puag ncig; organic polymer cov ntaub ntawv, xws li polyurethane ua npuas ncauj thiab polyester fiber boards, yog lub teeb yuag thiab yooj yim rau txheej txheem, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv chaw ua hauj lwm, xinesmas, thiab cov chaw nyob; cov khoom siv fiber ntau, xws li ntaub plaub thiab cork, yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab biodegradable, ua raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev ntsuab; Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua kom tiav cov suab nrov nrov thiab ntau- kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv, ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm acoustic complex.
Kev xaiv lub suab-sab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum xav txog qhov chaw ntim, lub hom phiaj reverberation lub sij hawm, suab nrov spectrum, ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, thiab kev ruaj ntseg cov cai. Piv txwv li, hauv cov tsev hais plaub, qhov twg ob qho tib si hais lus meej thiab suab paj nruag nplua nuj yog qhov tseem ceeb, broadband composite suab -absorbing qauv feem ntau siv. Hauv cov chaw tsheb thauj mus los xws li tshav dav hlau lossis chaw tsheb ciav hlau, qhov tsom mus rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nruab nrab - mus rau - lub suab nrov zaus nqus thiab rov qab tswj hwm, thaum tseem ua tau raws li hluav taws kub, tiv thaiv dej noo, thiab kev ua kom ntev. Cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa kuj cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm; Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej kev sib cuag nruj ntawm cov khoom thiab cov substrate, tsis txhob hnov qab txuas hniav thiab suab to, thiab xyuam xim rau cov pob qij txha thiab cov npoo los tuav lub continuation ntawm lub suab -absorbing nto.
Nrog rau qhov muaj koob meej ntawm cov tswv yim kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov, kev txhim kho qis -zog, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab qis- pa phem- cov ntaub ntawv nqus tau dhau los ua ib qho qauv. Piv txwv suav nrog slag suab- nqus cov cib ua los ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv dua tshiab, uas txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thiab nthuav dav ntau yam kev siv. Ua tsaug rau lawv cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom sib txawv, lub suab- nqus cov ntaub ntawv muab kev txhawb nqa zoo rau kev tsim vaj tsev acoustics zoo thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav nyob ntsiag to, xis nyob, thiab siab - qhov chaw suab zoo.
